CompTIA A+ Complete Study Guide 2026

The CompTIA A+ certification is the gold standard entry-level credential for IT professionals. Whether you're starting your IT career or validating your technical skills, passing both Core 1 (220-1101) and Core 2 (220-1102) tests opens doors to help desk, technical support, and field service technician roles. This comprehensive guide provides everything you need to pass both tests on your first attempt.

CompTIA A+ is recognized globally by employers as proof of foundational IT competency. The certification validates your ability to troubleshoot hardware and software issues, configure operating systems, implement basic security protocols, and provide excellent customer service. With over 1.3 million people holding this certification worldwide, it remains the most popular entry point into IT careers, often leading to starting salaries between $40,000 and $55,000.

CompTIA A+ Test Overview

The CompTIA A+ certification consists of two separate tests that must both be passed to earn the certification. Understanding the structure, format, and requirements of each test helps you prepare effectively and manage your study time efficiently.

Test Format and Structure

Both Core 1 and Core 2 tests follow a similar format but test different knowledge domains. Each test contains a maximum of 90 questions that include multiple-choice and performance-based questions. The performance-based questions simulate real-world scenarios where you must complete tasks like configuring settings, troubleshooting issues, or identifying components.

Certification Value and Career Impact

CompTIA A+ certification demonstrates to employers that you possess the baseline skills needed for entry-level IT positions. The certification is vendor-neutral, meaning it covers technologies from all major manufacturers rather than focusing on a single company's products. This broad foundation makes you adaptable and valuable across different IT environments.

Many organizations, including government agencies and Fortune 500 companies, require or prefer CompTIA A+ certification for technical support positions. The certification also serves as a stepping stone to more advanced IT certifications like CompTIA Network+, Security+, or vendor-specific credentials from Microsoft, Cisco, or AWS.

Core 1 (220-1101) Test Domains

The Core 1 test focuses on hardware, networking, mobile devices, and troubleshooting. This test tests your ability to identify, install, and configure computer components, understand network fundamentals, and support mobile technologies.

Domain 1: Mobile Devices (15%)

This domain covers mobile device hardware, operating systems, network connectivity, and synchronization. You need to understand the differences between iOS and Android, configure email accounts, implement mobile security, and troubleshoot common mobile device issues.

• Mobile Device Types: Smartphones, tablets, wearables, and e-readers
• Connection Methods: Wi-Fi, cellular data, Bluetooth, NFC, and tethering
• Mobile OS Features: iOS and Android system settings, updates, and security
• Synchronization: Cloud services, email configuration, and data backup

Domain 2: Networking (20%)

Networking concepts form a substantial portion of Core 1. You must understand TCP/IP fundamentals, network types, cable specifications, wireless standards, and basic network configuration. This knowledge applies to both home and business network environments.

• Network Types: LAN, WAN, PAN, MAN, WLAN concepts and use cases
• TCP/IP Protocol Suite: IP addressing, subnet masks, default gateways, DNS, DHCP
• Wireless Standards: 802.11a/b/g/n/ac/ax specifications and frequencies
• Network Hardware: Routers, switches, access points, modems, and cables
• Network Services: DNS, DHCP, VPN, proxy, and firewall basics

Domain 3: Hardware (25%)

Hardware represents the largest domain on Core 1. You need hands-on knowledge of computer components, peripheral devices, power supplies, cooling systems, and proper installation procedures. Understanding compatibility, performance characteristics, and troubleshooting techniques is essential.

• Core Components: CPUs, RAM, motherboards, storage devices, and expansion cards
• Display Technologies: LCD, LED, OLED, projectors, and display connectors
• Power Supplies: Wattage requirements, voltages, modular vs non-modular
• Peripherals: Input devices, output devices, and connection interfaces
• Installation: Component installation, cable management, and electrostatic discharge prevention

Domain 4: Virtualization and Cloud Computing (11%)

Modern IT environments increasingly rely on virtualization and cloud services. This domain covers virtual machine concepts, cloud service models, and client-side virtualization technologies that enable testing, development, and resource optimization.

• Cloud Models: IaaS, PaaS, SaaS characteristics and testples
• Virtualization Concepts: Hypervisors, virtual machines, resource requirements
• Cloud Features: Shared resources, rapid elasticity, measured service

Domain 5: Hardware and Network Troubleshooting (29%)

The largest domain on Core 1 tests your ability to diagnose and resolve hardware and network problems. You must understand systematic troubleshooting methodologies, identify symptoms, determine probable causes, and implement effective solutions.

• Troubleshooting Methodology: Identify problems, establish theories, test solutions, verify functionality
• Common Hardware Issues: POST errors, thermal issues, component failures
• Network Problems: Connectivity issues, slow performance, intermittent connections
• Mobile Device Issues: Battery problems, connectivity failures, performance degradation

Core 2 (220-1102) Test Domains

The Core 2 test emphasizes operating systems, security, software troubleshooting, and operational procedures. This test validates your ability to install and configure operating systems, implement security best practices, and provide exceptional customer service.

Domain 1: Operating Systems (31%)

Operating systems represent the largest portion of Core 2. You need comprehensive knowledge of Windows, macOS, Linux, and mobile operating systems. This includes installation procedures, management tools, command-line utilities, and system configuration.

• Windows Versions: Windows 10 and 11 editions, features, and requirements
• System Tools: Task Manager, Device Manager, Disk Management, Event Viewer
• Command Line: Common commands for navigation, file management, and networking
• macOS and Linux: Basic features, utilities, and file system structures
• Installation: Clean installs, upgrades, partitioning, and boot options

Domain 2: Security (25%)

Security represents a critical skillset for modern IT professionals. This domain covers physical security, logical security, wireless security, malware prevention, and data destruction methods. Understanding security best practices protects both organizations and users.

• Physical Security: Door locks, badge readers, security guards, cameras
• Logical Security: User authentication, permissions, encryption, firewalls
• Malware: Viruses, worms, trojans, ransomware, spyware prevention and removal
• Wireless Security: WPA2, WPA3, MAC filtering, SSID management
• Data Destruction: Wiping, shredding, degaussing, and proper disposal

Domain 3: Software Troubleshooting (22%)

Software issues account for a significant portion of help desk calls. This domain tests your ability to troubleshoot Windows problems, application failures, security issues, and user profile problems using appropriate tools and methodologies.

• Windows Problems: Boot failures, blue screens, slow performance, updates
• Application Issues: Installation errors, compatibility problems, crashes
• Security Symptoms: Pop-ups, redirects, renamed files, missing desktop icons
• Troubleshooting Tools: Safe Mode, System Restore, startup repair, clean boot

Domain 4: Operational Procedures (22%)

Professional IT work requires more than technical knowledge. This domain covers documentation, change management, disaster recovery, environmental impacts, safety procedures, and communication skills necessary for successful IT careers.

• Documentation: Network diagrams, knowledge bases, incident reports, asset management
• Change Management: Request forms, approval processes, rollback plans
• Disaster Recovery: Backup types, testing procedures, business continuity
• Safety Procedures: Electrical safety, lifting techniques, personal safety
• Professionalism: Customer service, communication, cultural sensitivity

Complete 8-Week Study Schedule

A structured study schedule ensures comprehensive coverage of all test objectives while preventing burnout. This 8-week plan assumes 10-15 hours of study per week and prepares you for both tests. Adjust the timeline based on your existing knowledge and available study time.

Weeks 1-4: Core 1 (220-1101) Preparation

Weeks 5-8: Core 2 (220-1102) Preparation

Schedule your Core 1 test for the end of week 4 or beginning of week 5. Taking the tests separately allows you to focus completely on one test's material at a time while the knowledge is fresh. Most students find this approach more effective than studying both tests simultaneously.

Best Study Resources and Materials

Selecting quality study materials significantly impacts your preparation efficiency and test success. The best approach combines multiple resource types to accommodate different learning styles and reinforce concepts through repetition.

Official CompTIA Resources

CompTIA provides official study materials designed specifically for the A+ tests. While these resources cost money, they come directly from the test creators and align perfectly with test objectives.

• CompTIA CertMaster Learn: Interactive online training with videos, flashcards, and practice questions
• CompTIA A+ Test Objectives: Free downloadable PDF listing all tested topics
• CompTIA Store: Official study guides, practice tests, and voucher bundles

Popular Third-Party Resources

Many excellent third-party training providers offer CompTIA A+ preparation materials. These resources often provide more detailed explanations, additional practice questions, and different teaching approaches that may resonate better with your learning style.

• Professor Messer: Free comprehensive video series covering all test objectives for both Core 1 and Core 2
• Mike Meyers' Udemy Courses: Engaging video courses with labs and practice tests
• Jason Dion Practice Tests: High-quality practice tests with detailed explanations
• TestCompass Free Practice: Large database of free practice questions
• CompTIA A+ All-in-One Test Guide: Comprehensive textbook by Mike Meyers

Hands-On Practice Opportunities

Theoretical knowledge alone won't prepare you for performance-based questions. You need practical experience with hardware installation, operating system configuration, and troubleshooting procedures.

• Build or Upgrade a PC: Purchase used components and practice installation
• Virtual Machines: Use VirtualBox or VMware to practice OS installations
• Command Line Practice: Set aside time daily for terminal exercises
• Home Lab: Create a small network with old computers or Raspberry Pi devices

Practice Questions and Hands-On Labs

Practice questions and hands-on experience transform theoretical knowledge into test-ready skills. Your study plan should dedicate significant time to both question-based practice and practical lab work.

Effective Practice Question Strategy

Don't just answer practice questions randomly. Use them strategically to identify knowledge gaps, build confidence, and develop test-taking skills. Quality matters more than quantity when it comes to practice questions.

1. Start with Topic-Based Questions: After studying each domain, complete practice questions specific to that topic
2. Review Wrong Answers Immediately: Don't just note the correct answer; understand why you were wrong
3. Take Full-Length Practice Tests: Simulate real test conditions with 90-question tests under time pressure
4. Track Your Progress: Maintain a spreadsheet noting weak areas and improvement over time
5. Aim for 85%+ Consistently: Don't schedule your test until you're scoring above 85% on practice tests

Essential Hands-On Lab Exercises

Performance-based questions on the test require practical skills. These labs give you the hands-on experience needed to confidently tackle those scenarios.

• Hardware Installation: Install RAM, storage drives, expansion cards, and power supplies
• Operating System Setup: Perform clean Windows installations and dual-boot configurations
• Network Configuration: Set up routers, configure wireless networks, map network drives
• Command Line Mastery: Practice ipconfig, ping, tracert, netstat, sfc, chkdsk commands
• Troubleshooting Scenarios: Create problems intentionally, then diagnose and fix them
• Mobile Device Setup: Configure email, VPN, and security settings on smartphones

Test Day Tips and Strategies

Your test day performance depends on both knowledge and test-taking strategy. Understanding the test format, managing your time effectively, and staying calm under pressure maximize your chances of success.

Before the Test

Preparation extends beyond studying the material. Your physical and mental state on test day significantly impacts performance.

• Get Adequate Sleep: Aim for 7-8 hours the night before; don't cram the night before
• Arrive Early: Show up 15-30 minutes early to check in without stress
• Bring Valid ID: Ensure your identification matches your test registration exactly
• Review Key Concepts: Quickly review notes or flashcards the morning of the test
• Eat a Balanced Meal: Have a nutritious meal 1-2 hours before your test

During the Test

Strategic test-taking techniques help you navigate the test efficiently and maximize your score. The CompTIA A+ tests test not just your knowledge but also your ability to apply that knowledge under time constraints.

• Complete Performance-Based Questions First: These appear at the beginning; tackle them while you're fresh
• Read Questions Carefully: Many questions include negatives like "Which is NOT" or "EXCEPT"
• Eliminate Obviously Wrong Answers: Narrow down choices before selecting your answer
• Mark Questions for Review: Flag difficult questions and return to them later
• Watch Your Time: Aim to finish with 15-20 minutes remaining for review
• Don't Leave Blanks: There's no penalty for guessing; answer every question
• Use Process of Elimination: Cross out impossible answers to improve your odds

Common Test Pitfalls to Avoid

Many candidates make predictable mistakes that cost them points. Being aware of these pitfalls helps you avoid them during your test.

• Rushing Through Questions: Speed is important, but accuracy matters more
• Overthinking Simple Questions: Don't read complexity into straightforward questions
• Ignoring Keywords: Words like "BEST," "FIRST," "MOST," and "LEAST" change the answer
• Second-Guessing: Your first instinct is usually correct; only change answers if you're certain
• Getting Stuck: Don't spend 10 minutes on one question; mark it and move on

After Passing Core 1

Passing Core 1 is a significant milestone, but you're only halfway to certification. Use the momentum from your success to immediately begin Core 2 preparation. Don't wait more than 2-3 weeks before starting Core 2 study; some concepts overlap, and you want to leverage that fresh knowledge.

Schedule your Core 2 test 4-6 weeks after passing Core 1. This timeframe provides adequate preparation while maintaining your study momentum and keeping Core 1 knowledge fresh for topics that appear on both tests.

Conclusion

The CompTIA A+ certification represents a launching point for your IT career. Passing both Core 1 and Core 2 tests validates your technical skills, opens doors to entry-level positions, and provides the foundation for advanced certifications. The comprehensive study approach outlined in this guide—structured schedules, quality resources, hands-on practice, and strategic test-taking—gives you everything needed to succeed.

Remember that CompTIA A+ certification is vendor-neutral and globally recognized, making it valuable regardless of where your IT career takes you. Whether you pursue help desk support, field service, technical support, or use it as a stepping stone to network administration or cybersecurity, the knowledge you gain preparing for these tests forms the bedrock of IT competency.

The journey from studying to certification typically takes 8-12 weeks of dedicated effort. Stay consistent with your study schedule, focus on hands-on practice, take plenty of practice tests, and don't rush into the test until you're consistently scoring above 85% on practice tests. Your investment in preparation pays dividends through first-attempt passes and the confidence that comes from truly understanding the material.